Lateral Response of 10m Diameter Pile from Centrifuge Testing 

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Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) have been increasing their capacity over the last decade and in order to support the increasing foundation loadings, the monopile diameters have been increasing. It is well known that lateral response of monopile is influenced by monopile diameter. However, there has not been any published data of full-scale testing of very large diameter monopiles (7m-10m). This is mainly due to practical limitations of testing very large diameter piles and associated costs. Centrifuge modelling technique offers unique opportunity to test lateral behaviour of large diameter monopiles in soils by undertaking tests on small scale models at increased gravity. This paper presents lateral response of 7m and 10m monopile in saturated sands by centrifuge tests undertaken at 110g in Centrifuge facility at University of Cambridge. Centrifuge tests were undertaken to study the lateral behaviour of 7m and 10m diameter monopiles. The monopile embedment lengths in these tests were 21m and 30m respectively. The lateral loading was applied to the monopile using displacement-controlled advanced actuator. This paper provides invaluable experiment data to offshore foundation designers as large diameter monopile experimental results from such large monopile diameter (7m and 10m) tested up to 0.1D ground displacement is not currently available in the industry

5th International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG2025)

8 - Monopile design to lateral monotonic loads