Root–soil interaction modelling for understanding tree anchorage mechanisms

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4. Root–soil interaction modelling for understanding tree anchorage mechanisms

Tree stability under wind mainly depends on the mechanical interactions between its root systems and surrounding soil. Numerical modelling offers an effective approach to evaluate tree root anchorage by performing virtual push-over tests on known root system architecture (RSA). However, prior models using embedded beam elements (EBE), while computationally efficient, assume unrealistically rigid rootsoil bonding and neglect gaps or relative displacement between roots and soil. This simplification omits interfacial shearing and root pullout failure, hindering accurate assessment of anchorage capacity and a deep understanding of rootsoil interaction mechanisms. Recently, a root anchorage model has been introduced to employ a 3D frictional pointtopoint contact formulation to capture rootsoil interaction and load transfer at the interface. Building on this, this study used that model to investigate root overturning behaviour under lateral pushover. The model was validated against a centrifuge pushover test using a 3Dprinted realistic RSA, accurately capturing maximum overturning resistance and postpeak response. Parametric simulations revealled substantial differences in overturning resistance across distinct pushover directions and identified root axial angle as the dominant factor governing the strength mobilisation of lateral roots upon push-over.

3rd International Workshop on Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interaction (RootS2025)

2c. Numerical modelling of the behaviour of rooted soils and boundary value problems under static and dynamic loading conditions