Site Investigation Strategies for Offshore Wind Development in Asia-Pacific

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The Asia-Pacific (APAC) region is poised for significant growth in offshore wind energy, with countries like China, Taiwan, South Korea, Australia, and Japan investing heavily and setting ambitious targets. Developing offshore wind projects in this region faces challenges such as complex geological conditions, metocean conditions, logistical complexities, and stringent regulatory frameworks.

A comprehensive survey strategy set by the developer provides a blueprint for preparation, execution and interpretation of geophysical surveys and geotechnical soil investigations. The costs associated with conducting surveys significantly contribute to the overall development expenditure for offshore wind projects. Financial limitations in the uncertain pre-investment phase can pose challenges, especially in regions with unfamiliar regulatory frameworks. Conversely, in APAC countries with well-established auction systems and stringent project schedules, the survey strategy becomes more schedule-driven, balancing survey costs with the need for timely data acquisition.

Geotechnical and geophysical data need to be integrated to ensure accurate site characterization and to support robust infrastructure design. Geotechnical soil investigations and geophysical surveys are generally conducted in tandem and sequentially, commencing with preliminary site-specific reconnaissance surveys, followed by comprehensive detailed campaigns. Geophysical surveys provide spatial data on seabed geology and geohazards, guiding site selection and foundation design, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), cable routing, and layout planning. Geotechnical investigations offer specific ground parameters informing infrastructure design.

This paper investigates survey strategies for developers tailored for APAC offshore wind projects, focusing on optimizing the balance between geophysical and geotechnical scopes. Establishing and communicating a survey strategy is essential for efficient resource allocation, risk management, and adherence to timelines, ensuring effective resource use and project success.

5th International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG2025)

1 - Site investigation strategies, geohazards and integrated studies